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1ère Conférence Annuelle « Les ECOPOL »

Date : Vendredi 19 septembre 2025 Ă  09h00
Lieu : MAME – Cité de la Création et de l’Innovation, Tours

Organisateur(s) : LÉO

Comprendre le monde de demain
Crise sanitaire, guerre en Ukraine, retour de Trump… Autant de chocs qui bouleversent les équilibres mondiaux.
ECOPOL 2025 vous propose d’analyser ces mutations à travers le prisme de la géo-économie et des relations internationales.

🎤 Tables rondes & échanges avec :

  • Des experts en gĂ©opolitique et commerce international
  • Des chercheurs de renom
  • Des journalistes spĂ©cialisĂ©s
  • Des professionnels du monde Ă©conomique et politique
LOGO BIEN

Les mutations de la finance dans un monde fragmenté

Date : Mardi 07 octobre 2025 Ă  09h00
Lieu : Amphi Veil - Faculté de Droit, Économie et Gestion

Organisateur(s) : Faculté DEG Orléans - LÉO

Dans un contexte international marqué par les crises géopolitiques, les tensions commerciales et les transformations technologiques, la conférence « Les mutations de la finance dans un monde fragmenté » propose de réfléchir aux évolutions récentes de la finance mondiale.

Quels sont les impacts de la fragmentation économique sur les marchés financiers ?
Comment les institutions et les acteurs financiers s’adaptent-ils à ces nouvelles incertitudes ?
Quelles perspectives pour une régulation efficace dans un système global de plus en plus divisé ?

Cette journée de réflexion rassemblera chercheurs, économistes et professionnels de la finance autour de ces grandes problématiques.

Au programme : conférences, tables rondes et échanges sur les dynamiques en cours et les défis à venir.

Affiche JPP

Should I Wait or Should I Pay? The Dynamics of Private and Public Healthcare

Date : Jeudi | 2025-06-19 Ă  12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses

Lien TEAMS : Cliquer ici pour rejoindre le séminaire doctorant du LÉO

Bianca Tanasa (DEAMS/University of Trieste)

In many countries, a private health system coexists with the public one. Recently, however, it seems that the latter is subjected to budgetary cuts and no longer able to meet the needs of citizens. Within an OLG model in which young people invest in preventive medicine, we assume that the public health system is rationed by increasing waiting times, which entails a cost in terms of treatment effectiveness and psychological order. Considering a fiscal policy aimed at providing health services, stabilizing the debt-to-GDP ratio and taxing the income of the working population, we demonstrate that there emerge two stationary solutions. The highest steady state turns out to be globally stable, while the lower one globally unstable. In addition, investment in preventive medicine and spending on private health are pro-cyclical, while waiting times are counter-cyclical. We also study the set of optimal allocations chosen by a benevolent social planner and prove that investment in preventive medicine as well as total spending on health are pro-cyclical and their long run values are increasing in the social discount factor. Finally, we decentralize the set of optimal allocations by fixing opportunely the debt-to-GDP ratio and Government spending.

Should the Central Bank react? Extreme Weather Events and Price Dynamics in the Philippines

Date : Jeudi | 2025-06-05 Ă  12h30
Lieu : Salle B.103

Lien TEAMS : Cliquer ici pour rejoindre le séminaire doctorant du LÉO

Flavien VILBERT (LEO, Université d’Orléans)

This paper contributes to the ongoing climate literature by investigating the macroeconomic consequences of physical risks. We estimate whether extreme weather events (EWE) are likely to trigger national inflationary pressures in the Philippines over the last three decades. We rely on meterological intensity measures using high-frequency ERA5 data to build a damaging-disaster series. This serves as an external instrument to identify the dynamic causal effect in a simple econometric framework. This work offers insights into how intense weather events propagate into the economy and it evaluates potential implications for the BSP's (Bangkok Central ng Pilipinas) monetary policy.

Seeing Through the Algorithm: How Explainability Shapes Decision-Making on Robo-Advisor Platforms

Date : Jeudi | 2025-05-22 Ă  12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses

Lien TEAMS : Cliquer ici pour rejoindre le séminaire doctorant du LÉO

Mehdi LOUAFI (LEO, Université d’Orléans)

This paper examines how algorithmic explainability shapes user decision-making and engagement on a leading French robo-advisor platform. In a large-scale field experiment, we randomly assigned 4,646 prospective clients to one of two conditions: a treatment group that viewed a graphical breakdown of the factors driving their personalized risk-profile recommendation, or a control group that received no additional information. Our primary analyses show that, on average, providing an explanation neither changes the probability of accepting the recommended risk score nor affects deviations from it. However, we uncover significant heterogeneity in treatment effects. First, among mobile users, explanations reduce the number of profile-adjustment attempts before contract signing. Second, for users who initially deviate conservatively from the algorithm’s suggestion, explanations prompt even more conservative portfolio choices. Finally, leveraging machine-learning methods, we estimate conditional average treatment effects across socio-demographic and economic subgroups, identifying additional segments for which explainability meaningfully alters behavior.

Forecasting Inflation Expectations with Adaptive Learning

Date : Jeudi | 2025-05-15 Ă  12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses

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Cyril DELL'EVA (Université de Rouen / LERN)

Inflation expectations in the QPM are approximated with the BER Survey of Inflation Expectations. These are forecasted by using an exogenous AR(1) process, constrained to converge to the target at the two year horizon. The AR(1) process imposes strong judgment on the forecasting of inflation and it is unlikely to forecast expectations correctly, outside a small short run window. We substitute the AR(1) process with an adaptive learning process, driven by data, to forecast BER expectations. We show that an adaptive learning process is a realistic approximation of the inflation expectations process and leads to a more accurate inflation forecast.

Carbon curse: As you extract, so you will burn

Date : Jeudi | 2025-04-24 Ă  12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses

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Adrien DESROZIERS (LÉO, Université d'Orléans)

The “Carbon Curse” theory suggests that fossil fuel richness leads countries to have more carbon-intensive development trajectories than they would otherwise. Using causal inference for cross-country panel data spanning 1950–2018, we globally estimate the effect of giant oil and gas discoveries on carbon emissions. Our findings show that the effect is sizable and persistent. Our results show a substantial and persistent impact: countries that experience giant oil and gas discoveries emit approximately 40% more CO₂ post-discovery compared to their resource-poor counterparts. This effect is particularly pronounced in developing economies and emerges immediately after the first discovery, reinforcing the notion that fossil fuel wealth induces long-term path dependencies. These findings highlight the significant barriers that fossil fuel-rich nations face in aligning with decarbonization goals, posing substantial challenges for meeting the Paris Agreement targets. By exploiting the randomness of the timing of discoveries, we provide the first plausibly causal evidence in support of the “Carbon Curse”.

Trusting up: How Social Hierarchies shape Social Trust

Date : Jeudi | 2025-04-30 Ă  12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses

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Catherine BROS (LÉO, Université de Tours)

This paper examines the impact of social hierarchy on trust dynamics within the Indian caste system, building on social identity theory. We find that higher castes enjoy a trust surplus from lower castes, which is only partially reduced when caste identity is emphasized. This asymmetrical trust premium is linked to the higher status of upper castes and is supported by narratives about caste success and failure. Our findings integrate social psychology and economics literature, highlighting how hierarchical relationships influence inter-group trust and contribute to the perpetuation of social hierarchies. The paper provides empirical evidence and discusses implications for understanding trust in fragmented and hierarchical societies.

Droughts and Agricultural Land Concentration in France

Date : Jeudi | 2025-03-27 Ă  12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses

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Raja CHAKIR (University of Paris-Saclay

This paper investigates the impact of recurrent droughts on farm size and land concentration in France over both the short and long run. While much of the existing literature on climate shocks and landholding patterns focuses on developing countries—where extreme weather often drives cropland expansion as an adaptive response—evidence from developed economies remains limited. Using two detailed panel datasets—an annual panel from 2015 to 2022 and a decadal panel from 1970 to 2020—covering 716 small agricultural regions and econometric panel models, we analyze structural shifts in landholding patterns. We examine multiple land concentration metrics, including average and median farm size, the Gini index, and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI). To measure drought exposure, we employ both absolute (Soil Wetness Index, SWI) and relative (z-score) measures of soil moisture, capturing variation in drought frequency and intensity over different time horizons (one to ten years). Our findings indicate that an additional month of severe drought increases average and median farm size in both the short and long run. Unlike studies in developing contexts, where droughts often lead to land expansion, we find that in France, droughts accelerate farm concentration. We conduct additional analyses to explore the mechanisms driving our results and find that droughts accelerate land concentration by lowering land prices, enabling larger farms to expand, while simultaneously forcing smaller farmers to exit the sector, reducing the overall number of farmers, and contributing to a decline in total agricultural land. These findings underscore the structural consequences of climatic shocks in developed economies and provide crucial insights for designing climate-resilient agricultural policies to mitigate land inequality and excessive farm consolidation.

Analyse Ă©conomique des choix d’infiltrations des mĂ©nages agricoles dans les espaces protĂ©gĂ©es : cas des ForĂŞts ClassĂ©es en CĂ´te d’Ivoire

Date : Jeudi | 2025-03-13 Ă  12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses

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Ariane AMIN (Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny et Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire)

Dans la lutte contre la déforestation et la dégradation de la biodiversité, l’établissement d’aires protégées demeurent globalement une stratégie dominante en termes de politique publique. La progression de la déforestation au sein même de ces espaces protégées dans certains pays malgré leurs statuts, se révèle être une problématique importante pour les Etats qui établissent ces aires de protection de la biodiversité. En effet, la persistance de la déforestation questionne l’efficacité de la mise en œuvre des politiques environnementales de conservation au sein des Etats concernés. En Côte d’Ivoire, où 50% des forêts classées, qui ont un statut juridique de protection, sont occupées par des plantations agricoles, il existe peu de références dans la littérature qui permettent une compréhension globale des infiltrations dans ces aires de conservation en vue d’informer les politiques. Ce travail de recherche vise à combler ce gap en examinant les décisions d’infiltrations des ménages agricoles dans les forêts classées en tant que domaine public protégé en Côte d’Ivoire. Ce papier développe un modèle de choix binaire de propension à l’infiltration d’un ménage agricole et le teste empiriquement sur la base d’une enquête de 1314 ménages autour de différentes forêts classées dans les zones Est, Ouest, Sud-Ouest et Centre Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire. Les résultats montrent que la perception de droits de propriété informel par les ménages agricoles autochtones est un facteur déterminant dans l’explication des infiltrations dans les forêts classées en Côte d’Ivoire. Nos résultats confirment également l’effet des faibles moyens de contrôle dans les forêts classées, de l’expérience des pairs et des signaux de prix des cultures de rente dans la dégradation des forêts classées en Côte d’Ivoire.