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Analyse Ă©conomique des choix d’infiltrations des mĂ©nages agricoles dans les espaces protĂ©gĂ©es : cas des ForĂŞts ClassĂ©es en CĂ´te d’Ivoire

Date : Jeudi | 2025-03-13 Ă  12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses

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Ariane AMIN (Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny et Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire)

Dans la lutte contre la déforestation et la dégradation de la biodiversité, l’établissement d’aires protégées demeurent globalement une stratégie dominante en termes de politique publique. La progression de la déforestation au sein même de ces espaces protégées dans certains pays malgré leurs statuts, se révèle être une problématique importante pour les Etats qui établissent ces aires de protection de la biodiversité. En effet, la persistance de la déforestation questionne l’efficacité de la mise en œuvre des politiques environnementales de conservation au sein des Etats concernés. En Côte d’Ivoire, où 50% des forêts classées, qui ont un statut juridique de protection, sont occupées par des plantations agricoles, il existe peu de références dans la littérature qui permettent une compréhension globale des infiltrations dans ces aires de conservation en vue d’informer les politiques. Ce travail de recherche vise à combler ce gap en examinant les décisions d’infiltrations des ménages agricoles dans les forêts classées en tant que domaine public protégé en Côte d’Ivoire. Ce papier développe un modèle de choix binaire de propension à l’infiltration d’un ménage agricole et le teste empiriquement sur la base d’une enquête de 1314 ménages autour de différentes forêts classées dans les zones Est, Ouest, Sud-Ouest et Centre Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire. Les résultats montrent que la perception de droits de propriété informel par les ménages agricoles autochtones est un facteur déterminant dans l’explication des infiltrations dans les forêts classées en Côte d’Ivoire. Nos résultats confirment également l’effet des faibles moyens de contrôle dans les forêts classées, de l’expérience des pairs et des signaux de prix des cultures de rente dans la dégradation des forêts classées en Côte d’Ivoire.

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Legislation, Regulation and Litigation: Demand for U.S. Legal Services in Historical Perspective”

Date : Jeudi | 2025-03-06 Ă  12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses

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Ariell RESHEF (Univ. Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne)

The employment share of legal services in the U.S. more than doubled during 1970--1990, in stark contrast to stability during 1850--1970 and after 1990. The relative wage of lawyers and law firm partners also doubled between 1970 and 1990. We argue that this demand shift was driven by important legislative and regulatory events, starting in the mid-1960s and lasting throughout the 1980s. These changes increased the scope of the law and uncertainty over legal outcomes. Consistent with this, we find that employment and compensation of lawyers are tightly correlated with federal regulation, fee-shifting statues and civil litigation, over a period of 100 years. These findings are supported by state-level and individual-level analysis. Other factors, e.g., changes in lawyers' quality, industrial composition and technology are not important determinants of the demand shift. We calculate that 40% of payments to legal services in 1990 are in excess of what they would have been had their relative income remained at 1970 levels. This represents an excess cost of 75 billion dollars in 2024 alone.

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Evaluating the causal impact of Non-Tariff Measures on Global Value Chain trade: a quasi-experimental approach

Date : Jeudi | 2025-02-13 Ă  12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses

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Sylvia NENCI (University of Roma III)

This work investigates the impact of Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) on Global Value Chain (GVC) trade using a quasi-experimental approach to address non-linearities and endogeneity. Analyzing a panel dataset of NTMs and trade in value-added across 172 countries, with a focus on agriculture, the research finds that NTMs affect GVC trade non-linearly. Most NTMs generally harm agricultural trade, particularly at both low and high levels of intensity, such as technical barriers and sanitary measures. Other NTMs, however, have a positive impact at low intensity, which becomes negative as intensity increases. The study underscores the importance of accounting for self-selection and non-linearities, as well as considering the heterogeneity and intensity of NTMs to refine estimates of their effects. Additionally, it highlights the indirect trade "chain effect" of NTMs, showing that trade restrictions not only impact partner countries but also affect the imposing country’s economy through value chain linkages.

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Within-group inequality and caste-based crimes in India

Date : Jeudi | 2025-01-30 Ă  12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses

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Sarmistha PAL (University of Surrey)

We examine how within-group inequality, by influencing the group bias of state institutions such as the police and the judiciary, affects the cost-benefit calculus of individuals engaging in identity-assertive behaviour, that results in police complaints regarding hate crimes. We develop a two-stage contest model of between-group conflict, where the relative influence over state institutions exerted by a group, determined by an initial contest, affects subsequent hierarchy-establishing interaction between individuals belonging to opposing groups. Applying this model to caste conflict in India, we find that greater inequality among upper caste and OBC Hindus might reduce the registered rate of crimes against SCs committed by such individuals, as well as the conviction rate for these crimes. Conversely, greater inequality among SCs increases both rates. Using state-level annual crime and household consumption data from India over the period 2005-2021, we find robust empirical support for these hypotheses. Between-group inequality does not appear to matter for either the rate of crimes against SCs or the conviction rate.

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1st Workshop on Noncausal Econometrics

Date : 13&14 juin 2025
Lieu : Centre Panthéon - 12 place du Panthéon - Paris

Organisateur(s) : Université Paris Dauphine - LÉO - Université Panthéon Assas

Arthur THOMAS (Université Paris Dauphine), Elena DUMITRESCU (Université Panthéon Assas) et Gilles DE TRUCHIS (LÉO) organisent le 1er Workshop dédié à l’économétrie non-causale.

Gianlucca CUBADDA (University of Rome Tor Vergata), Christian GOURIEROUX (CREST, TSE, and University of Toronto), Joann JASIAK (University of York), Alain HECQ (Maastricht University), Carlos VELASCO (University Carlos III), et Jean-Michel ZAKOIAN (CREST) seront présents.

 

 

Site web de la conférence
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Session d’Ă©change « IA et Recherche »

Date : Jeudi 10 avril 2025 Ă  16h00
Lieu : Salle Grötius - UFR DEG Orléans

Organisateur(s) : LÉO

Sébastien GALANTI, chargé de mission Numérique de la faculté de DEG, organise une journée d'échange sur le thème « IA et recherche ».

Cet événement sera l’occasion d’explorer les enjeux de l’intelligence artificielle dans la recherche et de partager les expériences.

Programme :

1ère partie – Discussions introductives

  • PrĂ©sentation de l’IA dans la Charte de l’UniversitĂ© – Matthieu Exbrayat (VP NumĂ©rique)

  • IA et intĂ©gritĂ© scientifique : PrĂ©sentation du ComitĂ© Ă  l’IntĂ©gritĂ© scientifique et Ă  la DĂ©ontologie de la Recherche – William Marois (CIDR)

  • Outils de recherche et IA – AnaĂŻs Lefeuvre-Halftermeyer (LIFO)

2ème partie – Partage d’expérience et discussion ouverte

  • Échanges sur les pratiques, interrogations et besoins des laboratoires concernant l’IA
Affcihe IA et Recherche
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Willingness to pay for the environment : the role of social status and of proactive attitude

Date : Jeudi | 2025-03-20 Ă  12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses

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Martin CIMETIERE (LEO, Université d’Orléans)

Based on the 2020 International Social Survey Program (ISSP) IV Environment Module, this paper examines how individual characteristics influence the willingness to pay to protect the environment. We confirm the main findings of the literature: the more respondents perceive the environment as an issue for their country and the more personally concerned they feel, the more they are willing to pay. However, we contribute to the literature by highlighting the role of social status: the higher respondents place themselves on the social scale, the more they are willing to pay; and of proactive attitudes: the more willing respondents are to take action for the environment independently of others, the more they are willing to pay. We underline that the impact of social status, i.e., respondents' subjective perception of their position on the social scale, remains significant even after controlling for income level. Our results suggest that, in order to strengthen individuals' willingness to pay for the environment, two types of policies can be effective: (1) reducing perceived inequality, not just income inequality, and (2) convincing individuals that personal actions are meaningful, even if they do not seem widely adopted by others.

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Impact of Environmental Stringency on Developing Countries’ Participation in Global Value Chains

Date : Jeudi | 2025-02-27 Ă  12h30
Lieu : Salle B.103

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Nada HAZEM (Cairo University and Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University)

This paper examines the impact of increasing environmental stringency on countries' participation in global value chains (GVCs), with a particular focus on developing economies. Using data from the UNCTAD-Eora Global Value Chain database and the ECOLEX database, this study analyzes the effect of domestic environmental regulations on both forward and backward GVC linkages across 145 countries from 1990 to 2021. The study contributes to the literature in three ways. First, it shifts the focus from gross trade to the distinct forward and backward linkages in GVC participation. Second, it is the first to explore this relationship in a large panel of 145 countries, with an emphasis on developing economies. Third, it combines both country-level and sector-level analyses, providing a more nuanced perspective. The results indicate that environmental regulations enhance forward GVC participation but reduce backward participation. The positive effect on forward linkages is driven by developed economies, whereas the negative impact on backward linkages primarily affects developing countries. Sectoral analysis shows that forward participation increases across all sectors except mining, while backward participation declines in all sectors except fishing. These findings remain robust after addressing endogeneity using an instrumental variable (IV) approach.

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