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Online Social Media and Populism in Europe

Date : Jeudi | 2023-12-07 à 12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses

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Cristina STRANGO (LEO, Université d’Orléans)

This study examines how the social media (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Linkedin) influences the vote share of populist parties, left-wing and right-wing populist vote shares, in Europe. We use the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM)-system estimations and analyze the European Union 27 (EU-27) member states over the period 2014-2020. We distinguish between clearly oriented political communication and general communication of political parties through social media. The main results show that populist political oriented communication through Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Linkedin boosts the populist votes for both left and right-wing parties, while the general use of social media by political parties presents a contrary effect.

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Electricity, welfare, time allocation and inequalities within households: Evidence from Rwanda

Date : Jeudi | 2023-11-30 à 12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses

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Lucien AHOUANGBE (LEO, Université d’Orléans)

This study focuses on the microeconomic impact of access to electricity on welfare through the time allocation within a household. We also document the effects on intra-household time and income inequality, labor market participation, and school performance. In our analysis, we distinguish the effect by gender and age group. We develop a simple time allocation model, in which access to electricity is treated as a technology shock leading to a positive shock in the allocation of time to different activities in the household. Empirically, we use the Spatial First Difference method. This method overcomes the problem of estimating causal effects in regressions, especially when important covariates, which could influence the results, are supposed to be correlated with the variable of interest, and are unobservable, which could lead to a significant bias in the estimation of the causal effect. We use 2018 Rwanda Labor Force Survey data, especially rounds of February and August. Our results suggest that electricity has a positive impact on household welfare, and particularly when the head of household is male. At the individual level, well-being at the level of adults, mostly male heads of households, older people (above 35 years), and children, is also improved. However, for adults between 18 and 35 years of age and children between 13 and 17 years of age, the improvement in well-being is not effectively observed. Access to electricity does not explain the poor school performance of children between 14 and 17. Even if access to electricity is not a source of inequality in domestic production or leisure time, it leads to income inequalities between the head of the household and his or her spouse, in part through the inequalities in working time that it can create. Finally, it is associated with a high probability of participation in the labor market for men, but not for women. For children, on the other hand, it is negatively associated with labor force participation.

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Determinants of FDI in Sub-Saharan African countries: how do investment in healthcare matter?

Date : Jeudi | 2023-11-09 à 12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses

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Bienvenu AMAKOUE (LEO, Université d’Orléans)

This paper empirically investigates the effect of healthcare performances on the attractiveness of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We use panel data covering 38 SSA countries from 2000-2019 and perform a fixed effects (FE) estimation model. We use the Granger non-causality test of Dumitrescu and Hurlin (DH) in a heterogeneous panel to test the causal relationship between healthcare data and FDI. After controlling for other relevant determinants, the main results show that the healthcare system positively affects FDI in SSA. Further analysis shows that this effect is much stronger for countries with high levels of malaria incidence and those with high levels of HIV/AIDS prevalence. Results are robust to alternative estimation methods, alternative healthcare performance measures, and alternative specifications.

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Sustainable development and the extractive industry: An assessment of the Mexican case  

Date : Jeudi | 2023-10-26 à 12h30
Lieu : Salle B.103

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José RIASCOS BENAVIDES (LEO, Université d’Orléans)

This paper investigates the impact of mining on sustainable development in Mexico. In particular, it tests whether the mining sector has an effect on consumption, inequalities, education, and environmental quality. Using household data on 2,403 municipalities over a period of 30 years considering four waves of census data (1990, 2000, 2010, 2020), we find that the mining sector has mixed effects on sustainable development. It has a limited positive effect on the income of neighboring households but it also generates negative environmental spillovers. We do not find significant effects on inequalities or education. Overall, our study provides a more nuanced understanding of the impact of mining on various aspects of sustainable development, contributing to ongoing debates on the relationship between natural resource extraction and sustainable development in emerging economies.

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Is growth pro poor in Côte d’Ivoire ?

Date : Mercredi | 2023-10-04 à 12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses

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Jean Yves SADIA (LEO, Université d’Orléans)

This study is part of the in-depth research on poverty in Côte d'Ivoire. It aims to assess the pro-poor nature of growth by distinguishing three periods: 2002 - 2008, 2008 - 2015 and 2015 - 2018. The specific aim was to analyze the pro-poor growth indicators defined by Ravallion and Chen, Kakwani & Perni for these three periods, and to identify the determining factors using decomposition methods. The results obtained indicate that, at national level, growth was pro-poor only over the 2008 -2015 and 2015 - 2018 periods, with the main factor being the effect of growth in the incomes of the poor for the first period and the redistribution effect for the second period. For the period 2002 - 2008, growth was not poor. The analysis of contrasts according to area of residence revealed that the rural poor benefited from the effects of growth over the three study periods, while the urban poor were only pro-poor over the 2008 -2015 and 2015 - 2018 periods.

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Table ronde « Comment maintenir la confiance dans l’intelligence artificielle à l’ère de ChatGPT »

Date : 28 Septembre 2023
Lieu : Espace St Euverte

Horaires : 12h - 13h30

Cette table ronde sera modérée par

  • Marie-Agnès de Montbron - Directrice régionale de la Banque de France
  • Sylvie Bonneau - Directrice de projet et Responsable des Communautés Data,

Avec la participation de :

  • Thierry Bedoin – Directeur général du Système d’information
  • Christophe Hurlin - Professeur d'Économie à l'Université d'Orléans et directeur du LÉO
  • Charlène Defrasne & Guillaume Belly - Data scientists,

Pour faire part de votre présence, nous vous remercions de vous inscrire avant le 25 septembre via ce lien : Table ronde : « Comment maintenir la confiance dans l’Intelligence Artificielle à l’ère de ChatGPT » | Banque de France (banque-france.fr)

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Conférence « China in the global economy »

Date : November 16-17, 2023
Lieu : Hôtel Dupanloup

Organisateur(s) : LÉO

Contact : confchine@univ-orleans.fr

The conference is organized by the Laboratoire d’Economie d’Orleans (LEO), University of Orléans with the support of INFER (International Network for Economic Research), a non-profit international scientific organization.
The theme of the conference is highly topical. China's growth is declining, but its place in the global economy is increasing. The trade war with the USA is a perfect illustration of the conflict between big powers, and the challenges posed by China's growing technological level to developed economies.
China's economic reforms and the "New Silk Road" are set to further expand China's influence on the world. While China is consolidating its place in the global economy, it also faces numerous internal challenges, such as an aging population, the reform of state-owned enterprises, its public and private debt, and the development of economic projects around the "New Silk Road".

We are honored and thrilled to welcome our keynotes speakers :

  • Axel Dreher, University Heidelberg
  • Woo Wing Thye, United Nations SDSN, Sunway, University, Kuala Lumpur
  • Mary-Françoise Renard, University Clermont Auvergne
  • Barry Naughton, University of California San Diego

Important dates :

  • Submission deadline: September15th, 2023
  • Notification of acceptance: October1st, 2023
  • Registration deadline: October15th, 2023 (registration is free of charge)

More informations : https://www.chinaintheglobaleconomy.com/

Download the call
PosterChinaConferenceFinalFinal_v2
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Does the Depth of Trade Agreements Matter for Trade in Services

Date : Mardi | 2023-04-20 à 12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses

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Isabelle RABAUD (LEO, Université d'Orléans)

In recent years, deep trade agreements spread around the world and go beyond tariff reductions. We aim to test whether the depth of agreements foster trade in services. To do so, we use a structural gravity type model and build new indicators of the depth of agreements based on the number of articles that are legally enforceable and that are related to trade in services. We show that, while only the deepest trade agreement raise trade in services, the quality of institution determines how deep agreements affect both the intensive (measured by the quantity of trade) and extensive margins of trade (measured by the number of service products exported and the share of the most exported service product in total services exports). This result is more pronounced for some service provisions and is robust after we control for the endogeneity of deep trade agreements. Finally, our results also hold for MENA countries that we examine as an example of an emerging region that has a comparative advantage in services but whose most of the trade agreements are rather shallow.

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Soutenance de thèse – Ameni M’TIBAA 16 juin 2023

Après avoir obtenu le Master en Economie Internationale, Finance et Modélisation avec la mention très bien en 2017 à la Faculté des Sciences Economiques et de Gestion de Sfax, Ameni Mtibaa s'est engagée dans une recherche doctorale, qui a abouti à une soutenance de sa thèse en cotutelle sur le thème de la consolidation budgétaire et croissance économique dans les pays en voie de développement, sous la co-direction de M. Amine Lahiani et M. Foued Badr GABSI. Durant toute cette période elle a bénéficié d’une bourse d’alternance du gouvernement tunisien et d’une bourse Eiffel Doctorat du Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires étrangères français. Elle a de plus participé à de nombreuses conférences internationales.
👏 Les membres du jury et tous les membres du Laboratoire d'Économie d'Orléans félicitent Ameni Mtibaa pour sa brillante soutenance de thèse

Soutenance Ameni M'TIBAA
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