Publications
Publications
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The effects of resource-backed loans on deforestation: Evidence from developing countries
Summary not available.
HAL linkOn the macroeconomic effects of fiscal reforms: fiscal rules and public expenditure efficiency
Summary not available.
HAL linkOptimal Green Policy-mix
This paper highlights, in a voluntary very simple framework, why central bankers must consider environmental factors when determining monetary policy. To this aim, we propose a monetary overlapping generations (OLG) economy in which households derive satisfaction from both consumption and environmental quality. Production is viewed as a polluting activity that degrades environmental quality. Agents can improve environmental quality by engaging in environmental maintenance expenditures. In addition, the government can impose a carbon tax, though it may face constraints in doing so. The central bank determines the rate of monetary growth. We then characterize the inter-temporal equilibrium and the steady state. We show that the steady-state level of capital increases with the rate of money growth, while environmental quality exhibits an inverse U-shaped relationship with money growth. Money growth decreases the relative price of the environment. When income is low, increases in income lead to higher maintenance expenditures that more than compensate for new emissions. At higher income levels, however, the additional emissions from pollution are no longer offset by maintenance efforts. We then analyze welfare and the decentralization of the optimal steady state. We show that there is only one level of the money growth rate that is compatible with the first-best allocation. This specific level can achieve the first-best outcome only if the government sets the appropriate tax rate, which we characterize. When the government chooses a sub-optimal tax rate (e.g. due to some political acceptability constraint), a "constrained" optimal allocation can be attained if the central bank acts to compensate for the government's shortcomings. We therefore characterize the optimal money growth rate as a function of the carbon tax and other environmental parameters.
Dynamic and spillover effects of armed conflicts on renewable energy in Subsaharan Africa
This paper analyzes the impact of armed conflicts on the renewable energy consumption in 46 Sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2000-2020. It uses a dynamic spatial econometric method to capture the spatial and dynamic effects of these conflicts on renewable energy consumption. Using the dynamic and spatial method of the Durbin model, the main results show that armed conflicts have a significant negative impact on renewable energy consumption. The effect is to 30.97% for the dynamic model against 31.28% for the non-dynamic model. The spatial effects of these conflicts show us that armed conflicts, through their contagion and spillover effects, have a significant and negative impact on renewable energy consumption in the region of 32.11%. The short- and long-term results are generally negative and significant. For heterogeneity, results show that the effect of terrorism is larger than the effect of other types of conflict. Moreover, the impact of armed conflict on renewable energy consumption is greater in the Sahel than in the rest of our sample. This article shows that the effect of conflict on the consumption of renewable energy passes through three main transmission channels : economic development, the increase in military spending as a result of conflict, to the detriment of green investment, and uncertainty, which penalizes investment and the production of renewable energy.
HAL linkDoes income inequality influence health vulnerability to pollution? Evidence from France
This study investigates whether income inequality within a population influences the health effects of pollution. Specifically, we empirically estimate the causal impact of particulate matter (PM 10 ) on mortality in France, using wind direction as an instrumental variable, and explore how income inequality modifies this relationship. Our findings reveal a statistically and economically significant impact of pollution exposure on the mortality of individuals aged 50 or older, which intensifies in municipalities with higher levels of income inequality. More precisely, while the effect of PM 10 is not significant in municipalities with the lowest levels of disparities, it is significant for the others and increases with the level of inequality within the municipalities. The impact of PM 10 on the mortality of individuals aged 50 or older in the top 33% of municipalities with the highest inequality is up to twice as large as in municipalities with intermediate levels of inequality. This result is particularly striking given that it concerns a country like France, which has relatively low income inequality. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential underlying mechanisms, we develop a theoretical model and empirically test its predictions. We conclude that the observed variation in vulnerability to pollution across municipalities, stratified by inequality levels, could have been but is not attributable to differences in public health expenditure, pollution exposure (between and within municipalities), or poverty prevalence and intensity. Our results suggest that inequality plays a significant role in environmental health, worthy of further research.
HAL linkDo tariff reductions alleviate energy poverty? Evidence for Sub-Saharan African countries
Summary not available.
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